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CREATOR SKETCH
In 1879, Frank Hamilton Cushing, Director of the
Department of Ethnology at the National Museum was asked by
the Bureau of American Ethnology to join a collecting
expedition that traveled to the Zuni Pueblo in New Mexico.
Here Cushing became convinced that a long-term stay was
necessary to conduct research using his pioneering
anthropological methodologies of participant-observation and
the uniqueness of the "Zuni idea" of culture (Haskell, 1993,
p.10). The Hemenway Expedition to the Southwest was
conceived in the summer of 1886, after Cushing sent an
appeal to Mrs. Mary Hemenway of Boston. Mary Hemenway was an
outstanding philanthropist who passionately supported
historic preservation in Boston, many and varied educational
efforts, and "a perspective from which to cope with the
rapid changes of a new urban and industrial
order(ibid, pp.5-6)." Cushing's enthusiasm and his
concept that "archaeology is simply ethnology carried back
into prehistoric times (ibid, p.14)" persuaded Mary
Hemenway that his would be an expedition worth backing to
the tune of an initial investment of $100,000.
The Hemenway Expedition would focus on the ethnological,
the anthropological, the historical, and the archaeological.
The expedition arrived in New Mexico in December 1886 and
remained there until June 1888 when it moved to Zuni. During
that time Cushing and the expedition members (Cushing, his
wife Emily Magill, Cushing's sister-in-law and artist
Margaret Magill, anthropologist Dr. Herman F. C. ten Kate,
historian Dr. Adolf Bandelier, topographer and field manager
Charles Garlick, general secretary and draftsman Frederick
Webb Hodge, and comparative anatomist Dr. J. L. Wortman)
excavated eleven sites, including thirty-four compounds at
Los Muertos. In the summer of 1889, Jesse Walter Fewkes, a
classmate of Mary's son Augustus, was appointed supervisor
of digging and later took over the expedition due to
Cushing's failing health. In 1891 Fewkes moved the
Expedition to Hopi. The Hemenway Expedition continued until
1894 when Mary Hemenway died at age 74.
Sources:
•Haskell, Susan H. 1993. "Mary Hemenway and the
Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition."
Unpublished mss., Peabody Museum, Collections Department
Reference Files.
•"Chronology of the Hemenway Expedition." In
Journal of the Southwest 37 (4) 1995: 527-534.
SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE
The Hemenway Expedition Records consist of three
different accessions from different sources. Some of the
materials accompanied the artifact collections which were
not accessioned until 1946, although they arrived at the
museum between 1886 and 1889. In 1977, expedition
documentation was found in the Old South Church in Boston
and was accessioned by the Museum in 1980. In 1913 and 1914,
Augustus Hemenway commissioned Mr. C.C. Willoughby and Mr.
R.G. Fuller on an archaeological expedition to Arizona;
these documents are also included in the Hemenway Expedition
Records.
The Hemenway Expedition Records reveal the following
working relationships in field correspondence between
expedition members and with Mary Hemenway; show the
Expedition's intellectual output in Cushing, Bandelier and
ten Kate's ethnological manuscripts; contain raw data of
site notes and cards, reports, plans, and field notebooks;
and include Margaret Magill's watercolors of archaeological
artifacts (now in Ethnographic Works of Art on Paper
storage). The materials are organized primarily by accession
and then by their functions or material types.
Related PM/Harvard University Archival
Collections:
PM Director Records - F. W. Putnam
PM Administrative Records (Putnam Papers), HU Archives
Related Archival Collections:
Hemenway Family Papers, Peabody-Essex Institute, Salem,
MA
Frank H. Cushing Papers, Huntington Free Library
Related PM Artifact Collections:
Hemenway Collection
Keam Collection
Julian Scott Paintings and Drawings
Margaret Magill Watercolors
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46-73
BOX 1 Manuscripts
- Cushing, F. H. "How the Coyote and the Woodpecker
Made Comrades of Each Other" pp. 1-90; pp. 91-195
[holograph copy of original]
- ___________. " pp. 1-100; pp. 101-221 [holograph
copy]
- ___________. " original [v. fragile]
- ___________. " original vol. 11 with typescript
transcription
- Zuni folklore (1 folder)
- "The Woman Whose Vulvae Were Toothed"
- "How the Turtle Duped the Coyote"
- "The Hermit Gambler"
- "The Ravens Who Raced With Their Eyes"
- "The Magic Hunters of the War Gods"
- "The Race of the Gopher"
- "The Old Tarantula Who Stripped a Swift Runner"
- "The Rabbit Huntress"
- The Story of Tenatsali with Introduction, parts
[typescript and holograph versions]
BOX 2
- "Dancing Tarantula and the Ball Rolling Beetle"
- "How the Priest of the Prairie Dogs Averted a Flood"
- "Warrior Child of the Rain Gods"
- "Coyote and the Tip Beetle"
- "Kolowissi or the Serpent of the Sea"
- "How the Corn Pests Were Ensnared and a Pooor Youth
Married a Rich Maiden"
- "The Foster Child of the Deer"
- "How a Coyote Danced and Flew with the Blackbirds"
- "The Coyote and the Singing Locust"
- "The Story of the Poor Turkey Girl"
- "The Youth and His Eagle"
- "How the Brothers Ahayuta Stole the Thunder and
Lightening"
- "The Coyote and the Children of the Sacred
Kyamakyakwe Dance"
- "How a Coyote Danced with the Burrowing Owls"
- "How Rattlesnakes Came to be What They Are"
- "The Warrior Suitor of Moqui"
- "How the Ugly Wild Boy Drove the Bear from the
Southeastern Mesa"
Site notes and reports
- 4 site notebooks with map data; copy of "Los Muertos
I: Location and Ground Plan of Ruins"
- Notes for artifact catalog 3/31/1888-5/17/1888
[Cushing to Hodge, but in Hodge's handwriting]
- Baxter report on reconnaissance trip to Florence
4/17/1888; Hodge letter to Baxter 10/31/[1888?]
- Baxter expedition diary 1886-88
- Plan of ruins near Zuni (3 copies)
- Catalogs [see also
Kintigh transcriptions in control file]
- Catalogue of artifacts #1-800 [c.1886-87]
- Halonawan catalogue #4925-#5220 (Ed P. Gaston)
10/19-20/1888
- Halonawan catalogue #4745-4924 8/24/1888-9/15/1888
- Heshota Uthla catalogue #5221-5451
10/25/1888-12/14/1888
BOX 3
Manuscripts
- Cushing, F. fieldnotes and journal 1887-88 typescript
(with photocopy of same)
- Cushing field diary 1886-88 [photocopy of holograph]
- "Outline Report on the Origin, Working Hypothesis and
Preliminary Researches of the Hemenway SW Expedition"
Berlin Meeting of the Congress des Americanistes 1888
[typescript]
Correspondence
- 2 holograph copies of Cushing letter to Morse
9/9/1888
- 9/9/1888 Baxter letter to the Editor of Science
Field notes
- Bigelow notes and maps with corrections by Cushing
- 17 pen & ink drawings of petroglyphs/pots/pottery
designs (ca.1886)
Manuscripts
- "Somatological Observations on Indians of the
Southwest" Dr. ten Kate June 1890
- "Report on Visit to Pima Village" 3/6/1888 - 4/5/1888
- "Preliminary Report on...El Moro" Bandelier
10/30/1888
- Smith research correspondence and photostat of
Bandelier Zuni ms. Apr. 1936-Feb. 1937
- Bandelier to Cushing on "Seven Cities of Cibola"
10/23/1886
BOX 4
- Object Lists 1900, 1919, n.d.
- Sketch plan of the Cliff Ruin in Canon de Muertos,
AZ, n.d. (2 sheets)
- Mss. and plates "A Study of the Orange Ware. . ."
Williams, n.d.
BOX 5
Site Cards
BOX 6
- Los Muertos (cont'd); Los Acequias
BOX 7
- Los Canopas; Los Hornos; Casa Grande; Los Quanacos
BOX 8
980-2
Correspondence
- Vilas to Cushing 1889; Stockslager to Vilas 1889
- Cushing to ?, n.d.
- Dewey, Mary E. "Account of Zuni Visit to Mary
Hemenway House, Summer 1886"
- Fewkes to M. Hemenway 1890 (3); to Stone 1891
- Stephen to M. Hemenway
- 9/28/1893
- 2/15/1894
- 4/6/1893
- Moqui Tribe to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, n.d.
- Fewkes to M. Hemenway, n.d. (fragments)
- Notes - "Mica Ornaments from Altar," n.d.
- Stephen to M. Hemenway 1892-93 (4 items)
- Stephen fieldwork report on the Hemenway Expedition
1892-93
- Fewkes to M. Hemenway July 2, 1891
13-26 Augustus Hemenway Expedition
(Willoughby & Fuller) Records, 1913-14
Correspondence
- Ass't Sec. of Interior to FW Putnam (2 copies) re:
permission to examine and excavate ruins in Chinlee
Valley June 6, 1913
- F. W. Putnam to Sec. of Interior (2 copies) re:
thanks for permission July 25, 1913
- C. C. Willoughby c. 1913 re: results of survey of
Chinlee; need to extend permit to 1914
- F. W. Putnam to Sec. of Interior re: survey of
Chinlee Valley, west and northwest of Canon del Muerto
April 6, 1914
- F. W. Putnam to Secretary, Smithsonian re: survey, no
excavation of Chinlee April 6, 1914
Notes and drawings
- Fuller, R. G. "Notes. Ruins of the Mesa Verde," n.d.
- Fuller, R. G. & C. C. Willoughby. "Notes and
Sketches. Ruins in Tsi-on-i-tso-se Canyon, near Chinlee,
AZ." 1913
- [Fuller, R. G. & C. C. Willoughby]. "Arizona"
[85204, 85222-236], 1913
Report and Publication
- 47th Report on the Peabody Museum. . .1912-13
[includes report of August 1913 reconnaissance of the
Tseonitsosi Canon and Chinlee Valley]
- "Uniform Rules and Regulations. . .to carry out the
Act for Preservation of American Antiquities." 34 STAT.
L. 225 June 8, 1906.
Labels
- 85204 Burden basket, Havasupai label
- 85207 Basket rays, Havasupai label
980-2
BOX 9 Hopi Ethnological Collection
Analysis Cards, n.d.
MAP CASE II, Drawer 6
- Los Muertos Plans, n.d.
- Hodge & Garlick map
- General map
- Goodwin map of Los Muertos (colored by M. Magill)
- Key map to ruins
- Ruin I (4)
- Ruin II
- Ruin III
- Ruin IV
- Ruin IV, V (3)
- Ruin VI
- Ruin VII (2)
- Ruin VII new map
- Ruin IX
- Ruin XI
- Ruin XIII
- Ruin XIV
- Ruin VVII
- Ruin XIX
- Ruin XX
- Ruin XXI
- Ruin XXII
- Ruin XXIII
- Ruin XXIV
- Ruin XXV
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